{"id":693,"date":"2025-06-11T07:10:48","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T07:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lzbmetal.com\/?p=693"},"modified":"2025-06-11T07:10:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T07:10:49","slug":"tai-sao-90-nap-ho-ga-tron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lzbmetal.com\/vi\/tai-sao-90-nap-ho-ga-tron\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao 90% n\u1eafp h\u1ed1 ga tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i tr\u00f2n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. V\u1ecf tr\u00f2n: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u1eafp c\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean logic k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng r\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc: H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng 2D duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 xoay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u1ea1nh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1 ga, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy c\u01a1 r\u01a1i (H\u00ecnh 1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra so s\u00e1nh: N\u1eafp vu\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o n\u1ebfu nghi\u00eang >30\u00b0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o, trong khi n\u1eafp tr\u00f2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch h\u1ed1 ga khi xoay 360\u00b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi \u0111a gi\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u: Khi l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu vi (theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t Lam\u00e9), ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y do t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • X\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: N\u1eafp tr\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng gang d\u1ebbo ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c >50 t\u1ea5n, trong khi n\u1eafp vu\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i 35%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0110\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 ga ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam l\u00ean >40% (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e1t (3\u00b0-5\u00b0) gi\u1eefa n\u1eafp v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ga t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              II. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Khu\u00f4n tr\u00f2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00eam 27% v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng <0,5% (so v\u1edbi 3%-5% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n \u0111a gi\u00e1c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • N\u1eafp tr\u00f2n l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i l\u00ean 300%. N\u1eafp vu\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <40% kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      III. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                      T\u1eeb GB\/T 23858 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn EN 124 c\u1ee7a EU, n\u1eafp tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh 24 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb9: \u03a6600mm (v\u1ec9a h\u00e8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng: \u03a6700mm (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9)
                        Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4n: 3\u00b0\u00b10.5\u00b0 (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        IV. B\u00eca vu\u00f4ng: Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                        C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eafp h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        1. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u00e1p h\u1eb9p).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        2. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vu\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p).
                          Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y g\u00f3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1,8 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u0110\u00e3 th\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn ch\u00e9o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: V\u1ecf tr\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            L\u00e0 "ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng" c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c n\u1eafp tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc + \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc + hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. k\u00eau leng keng<\/em> b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh xe l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eebng inch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            I. N\u1eafp tr\u00f2n: M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u1eafp h\u1ed1 ga kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean logic k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: II. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t III. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1eeb GB\/T 23858 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn EN 124 c\u1ee7a EU, n\u1eafp tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[65,62],"class_list":["post-693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-manhole-covers","tag-round-manhole-cover"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Are 90% of Manhole Covers Worldwide Round? News - LZBMetal Products Co., Ltd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In municipal engineering, manhole cover shapes are no accident. 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